This is a review article looking at psychiatric genetics in Latin America and the Caribbean. The authors point out that most genetic studies of psychiatric disorders have focused on populations of mainly European ancestry, which can limit how well findings apply to diverse groups. They examine how the genetic diversity, different environments, and healthcare disparities in Latin America affect psychiatric research, discuss what’s been done so far, highlight challenges (such as underrepresentation, data gaps, and limited resources), and suggest ways to improve equity and science in this field.