This review explores combining oncolytic virotherapy (viruses engineered to infect and kill cancer cells) with interventions targeting the gut microbiome to treat malignant gliomas (a type of aggressive brain tumor). The authors summarize how certain viruses are able to enter, replicate in, and destroy glioma cells, and how the gut microbiome might influence patient outcomes — for example by modulating immune responses, inflammation, or how well the virus can reach tumors. They also discuss how probiotics, prebiotics, or other microbiome-modifying strategies may enhance the effectiveness of oncolytic viruses, potentially making treatments more potent and less toxic. The review offers insights into recent clinical trials, preclinical data, possible mechanisms, and suggests how further research might optimize therapy by considering both virus and microbiome together.